Operational Technology
Risk-Based Patch Calculation
A strategic process for deciding when and how to apply security patches to industrial control systems, SCADA, PLCs, and plant-floor devices based on measured risk rather than immediate deployment.
Why Risk-Based Patching Matters
OT environments have unique constraints including 24×7 production requirements, safety considerations, and extensive testing needs. A risk-based approach helps prioritize limited maintenance windows while reducing cyber risk effectively.
Safety First
Avoids unplanned downtime or accidents from rushed updates
Compliance Support
Supports standards like IEC 62443, NIST SP 800-82, and ISO 27019
Resource Optimization
Focuses effort where it reduces the most risk
Key Elements of Risk-Based Calculation
Six critical components that form the foundation of effective OT security patch management
Asset Criticality
Identify how important each system is to safety, production, or compliance.
Vulnerability Severity
Use vulnerability scoring (e.g., CVSS) and vendor advisories to gauge exploitability.
Threat Likelihood
Consider active exploitation, exploits in the wild, and asset exposure.
Compensating Controls
Evaluate if firewalls, segmentation, or access controls reduce immediate patch needs.
Operational Constraints
Determine maintenance windows, redundancy, and testing requirements.
Risk Scoring Formula
Compute risk scores to prioritize patching decisions effectively.
Risk Scoring Formula
A mathematical approach to quantify and prioritize security risks
This formula provides a quantitative foundation for patch prioritization decisions, though the exact implementation may vary based on organizational standards and compliance requirements.
Patch Priority Framework
High Risk
Urgent patch or immediate mitigation required
Medium Risk
Schedule during next planned maintenance
Low Risk
Monitor and rely on existing controls
Risk-Based Patch Priority
This model helps you prioritize vulnerabilities by combining CVSS with environmental context to produce a composite risk score.